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•Posted by1 year ago
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TLDR: Windows malware intercepts a BTC address copied to the clipboard so that the pasted address is different, diverting funds to the attackers wallet which has 8.8 BTC of transactions. It mangles an XMR address. Visually inspect every transaction destination address before clicking OK!
Update: source for the malware found: a win32diskimager.exe downloaded from download.cnet.com, of all places, with a total of 4,500 downloads. More in the update at the bottom of the post.
Update 3: u/gugap and colleagues posted a detailed analysis here: https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/14/stealing-bitcoin-download-com/
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And great news that the file has been removed from CNET!
Original post:
I was setting up xmr-stak on my Windows desktop as the Linux version requires compiling which I'm not comfortable with. I was getting invalid address errors from the pool with two different wallet addresses, and I knew one of them is a good address with certainty having done transactions with it in the past.
After further head-scratching I noticed that the XMR address I copy from my password manager to the config file differs from the one that's pasted! I didn't notice it as the beginning and end characters are the same; the substitution is in the middle. The substitution can be defeated easily by copy-pasting the address in two chunks. But it does substitute the incorrect address even when the address is part of a longer string, such as the entire config file.
The fact that it generates invalid addresses (every time?) made me suspect this attack is meant for some other coin, most likely Bitcoin. I tested with a few BTC and BCH addresses, and it indeed generates the same address every time (below). Possibly the XMR attack is a by-product for the hack searching for BTC address strings, and it spits out an address without destination when confronted with an XMR address. [edit: After doing some further checks, the malware seems to look for the first '1' in the address and substitutes it with his BTC address below. I just learned that (one type of) BTC address always starts with a '1', which confirms the theory.]
While I believe this only allows the attacker to divert BTC funds to his address and doesn't compromise my XMR wallet or private keys, I already created a new wallet on my Linux machine, and moved my funds there. Now I'm considering doing this for all my coins as who knows what other monsters lurk behind the SSDs...
I thought I run a pretty tight ship with my desktop and cryptos, and do most of my computing in Linux. I only install wallets linked from the official websites, and verify checksums. I had heard of such attacks before, and always double-check the pasted address when moving funds. Fortunately I didn't lose any money as I noticed this while setting up XMR mining.
Somehow this got to my computer, and I have to deal with it and tighten my controls. Now, is there a secure way to clean my computer, or should I re-install Windows completely?
Below sample outputs for XMR and BTC addresses:
Correct XMR address generated with moneroaddress.org, copied in two chunks: 466mBJsXq4k8n4aampbico1Mn3muVyiBJUpfmq4oGjmrMCP1ZuXCz69HfuHDpsT1BQZKqdp2CV3QV5nUEsqSg1ygegLmqRygj Incorrect address when copy-pasting in one go, substitutions in bold, the address is different for each XMR address: 466mBJsXq4k8n4aampbico1BQZKqdp2CV3QV5nUEsqSg1ygegLmqRygjHDpsT1BQZKqdp2CV3QV5nUEsqSg1ygegLmqRygj
Another correct XMR address: 41BQZKqdp2CV3QV5nUEsqSg1ygegLmqRygjbRErDcCVrMLtZ5u1BQZKqdp2CV3QV5nUEsqSg1ygegLmqRygjiMQcTg
Incorrect address which differs from the previous one: YmNRSAn6JQP7jNuWYieZEx1BQZKqdp2CV3QV5nUEsqSg1ygegLmqRygj Correct Bitcoin address: 1GfyupfMmoNn9w9f9S7NQ6ouL1cgZW8MvM
Turns into this incorrect Bitcoin address, same address every time (at the time of writing it has 230 transactions worth 8.8 BTC). This BTC address is in the substitution in the XMR address above in bold. 1BQZKqdp2CV3QV5nUEsqSg1ygegLmqRygj
ALWAYS visually check that the address you send to is actually the one you copied. Don't just skip past the withdrawal confirmation page on your exchange; double-check that it is identical to the one you intend to send funds to.
Update:
Many have asked about the potential source. I know it's not an email as I don't use POP, and don't open attachments. Likely attack vectors are web ads, PDFs, or some crypto software I've installed recently. Haven't found the source, though.
For cleaning, F-Prot didn't find anything, Malwarebytes found the following and I quarantined them. After resetting twice my clipboard copies a Bitcoin address correctly. I will still re-install Windows completely just to be safe.
-Log Details- Scan Date: 3/13/18 Scan Time: 2:49 AM Log File: c03c0f4c-2660-11e8-a3f7-00ff86126b17.json Administrator: Yes
-Software Information- Version: 3.4.4.2398 Components Version: 1.0.322 Update Package Version: 1.0.4322 License: Trial
-System Information- OS: Windows 7 Service Pack 1 CPU: x64 File System: NTFS User: [username]
-Scan Summary- Scan Type: Threat Scan Result: Completed Objects Scanned: 267751 Threats Detected: 8 Threats Quarantined: 0 (No malicious items detected) Time Elapsed: 1 min, 58 sec
-Scan Options- Memory: Enabled Startup: Enabled Filesystem: Enabled Archives: Enabled Rootkits: Disabled Heuristics: Enabled PUP: Detect PUM: Detect
-Scan Details- Process: 1 Generic.Malware/Suspicious, C:USERS[username]APPDATAROAMINGDIBIFU_8GO.EXE, No Action By User, [0], [392686],1.0.4322
Module: 1 Generic.Malware/Suspicious, C:USERS[username]APPDATAROAMINGDIBIFU_8GO.EXE, No Action By User, [0], [392686],1.0.4322
Registry Key: 0 (No malicious items detected)
Registry Value: 1 Generic.Malware/Suspicious, HKUS-1-5-21-1088663161-714082877-1087069783-1000SOFTWAREMICROSOFTWINDOWSCURRENTVERSIONRUN|ScdBcd, No Action By User, [0], [392686],1.0.4322
Registry Data: 0 (No malicious items detected)
Data Stream: 0 (No malicious items detected)
Folder: 0 (No malicious items detected)
File: 5 Generic.Malware/Suspicious, C:USERS[username]APPDATAROAMINGDIBIFU_8GO.EXE, No Action By User, [0], [392686],1.0.4322 PUP.Optional.CrossRider, C:WINDOWSTEMPFPQ8E3E.TMP, No Action By User, [204], [299102],1.0.4322 PUP.Optional.CrossRider, C:WINDOWSTEMPFPQBAB4.TMP, No Action By User, [204], [299102],1.0.4322 PUP.Optional.CrossRider, C:WINDOWSTEMPFPQD51D.TMP, No Action By User, [204], [299102],1.0.4322 PUP.Optional.CrossRider, C:WINDOWSTEMPFPQE59F.TMP, No Action By User, [204], [299102],1.0.4322
Physical Sector: 0 (No malicious items detected)
(end)
Update 2:
Thanks to u/gugap I found the source for the infection!
Step-by-step. I was doing a backup of one of my Raspbian installs a few weeks back, and downloaded Win32 Disk Imager from download.cnet.com: http://download.cnet.com/s/win32-disk-imager/
![Win32 Win32](/uploads/1/2/6/0/126063766/187279923.jpg)
I uploaded the file to VirusTotal, and got a scary list of suspicious items VirusTotal found in the file:
CAT-QuickHeal Trojan.IGENERIC Cylance
Endgame malicious (high confidence) ESET-NOD32
Fortinet MSIL/ClipBanker.DF!tr McAfee
McAfee-GW-Edition Artemis Sophos AV
TrendMicro-HouseCall Suspicious_GEN.F47V0119 VBA32
Seems like we found the source for McAfee's wealth j/k. Here the full report: https://www.virustotal.com/#/file/7b3d52200895d02bee51fc03217088a383158494dcac5f570dd875cdd1f2f248/detection
F-Secure didn't recognize anything then or today. I downloaded again just now, and it's infected. I reran it through Malwarebytes as well and it doesn't detect malware, either, only after the payload has been delivered.
![Win32 Disk Imager Download Cnet Win32 Disk Imager Download Cnet](/uploads/1/2/6/0/126063766/980371295.png)
Thanks again to u/gugap and others for helping find the source! Given the source is a CNET site I had less reason to suspect it, so I don't feel like a total idiot.
On the other hand, it's pretty scary that 4,500 (!) people have downloaded that file in the past two years (!!), over three hundred in the past week alone! I reported the file to CNET.
Also, it is very difficult to avoid such malware if AV doesn't detect it, and it's coming from a legit site. Time to ditch Windows for good, and start using airgapped TAILS for working with private keys.
comment
Networked hard drives are super convenient. You can access files no matter what computer you're on -- and even remotely.
But they're expensive. Unless you use the Raspberry Pi.
If you happen to have a few of hard drives laying around you can put them to good use with a Raspberry Pi by creating your own, very cheap NAS setup. My current setup is two 4TB hard drives and one 128GB hard drive, connected to my network and accessible from anywhere using the Raspberry Pi.
Here's how.
What you will need
For starters, you need an external storage drive, such as an HDD, SSD or a flash drive.
You also need a Raspberry Pi. Models 1 and 2 work just fine for this application but you will get a little better support from the Raspberry Pi 3. With the Pi 3, you're still limited to USB 2.0 and 100Mbps via Ethernet. However, I was able to power one external HDD with a Pi 3, while the Pi 2 Model B could not supply enough power to the same HDD.
In my Raspberry Pi NAS, I currently have one powered 4TB HDD, one non-powered 4TB HDD and a 128GB flash drive mounted without issue. To use a Pi 1 or 2 with this, you may want to consider using a powered USB hub for your external drives or using a HDD that requires external power.
Additionally, you need a microSD card -- 8GB is recommended -- and the OpenMediaVault OS image, which you can download here.
Installing the OS
To install the operating system, we will use the same method used for installing any OS without NOOBS. In short:
- Format the SD card to FAT32 using SD Formatter.
- Download the image file from Sourceforge.
- Extract it using 7zip on Windows or The Unarchiver on Mac.
- Write the extracted image to the SD card using Win32 Disk Imager on Windows or ApplePi-Baker on Mac.
More detailed installation instructions can be found here for both Windows and Mac. Just substitute the Raspbian image with OpenMediaVault.
Setup
After the image has been written to the SD card, connect peripherals to the Raspberry Pi. For the first boot, you need a keyboard, monitor and a local network connection via Ethernet. Next, connect power to the Raspberry Pi and let it complete the initial boot process.
Once that is finished, use the default web interface credentials to sign in. (By default, the username is admin and the password is openmediavault.) This will provide you with the IP address of the Raspberry Pi. After you have that, you will no longer need a keyboard and monitor connected to the Pi.
Connect your storage drives to the Raspberry Pi and open a web browser on a computer on the same network. Enter the IP address into the address bar of the browser and press return. Enter the same login credentials again ( admin for the username and openmediavault for the password) and you will be taken to the web interface for your installation of OpenMediaVault.
Mounting the disks
The first thing you will want to do to get your NAS online is to mount your external drives. Click File Systems in the navigation menu to the left under Storage.
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Locate your storage drives, which will be listed under the Device column as something like /dev/sda1 or /dev/sdc2. Click one drive to select it and click Mount. After a few seconds have passed, click Apply in the upper right corner to confirm the action.
Repeat this step to mount any additional drives.
Creating a shared folder
Next, you will need to create a shared folder so that the drives can be accessed by other devices on the network. To do this:
- Click Shared Folders in the navigation pane under Access Rights Management.
- Click Add and give the folder a name.
- Select one of the storage drives in the dropdown menu to the right of Volume.
- Specify a path (if you want it to be different from the name).
- Click save.
Enabling SMB/CFIS
Finally, to access these folders and drives from an external computer on the network, you need to enable SMB/CFIS.
Click SMB/CFIS under Services in the left navigation pane and click the toggle button beside Enable. Click Save and Apply to confirm the changes.
Next, click on the Shares tab near the top of the window. Click Add, select one of the folders you created in the dropdown menu beside Shared folder and click Save. Repeat this step for shared folders you created.
Accessing the drives over your network
Now that your NAS is up and running, you need to map those drives from another computer to see them. This process is different for Windows and Mac, but should only take a few seconds.
Windows
To access a networked drive on Windows, open File Explorer and click This PC. Select the Computer tab and click Map network drive.
In the dropdown menu beside Drive choose an unused drive letter. In the Folder field, input the path to the network drive. By default, it should look something like RASPBERRYPI[folder name]. (For instance, one of my folders is HDD, so the folder path is RASPBERRYPIHDD). Click Finish and enter the login credentials. By default, the username is pi and the password is raspberry. If you change or forgot the login for the user, you can reset it or create a new user and password in the web interface under User in Access Rights Management.
Mac
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To open a networked folder in OS X, open Finder and press Command + K. In the window that appears, type smb://raspberrypi or smb://[IP address] and click Connect. In the next window, highlight the volumes you want to mount and click OK.
You should now be able to see and access those drives within Finder or File Explorer and move files on or off the networked drives.
There are tons of settings to tweak inside OpenMediaVault, including the ability to reboot the NAS remotely, setting the date and time, power management, a plugin manager and much, much more. But if all you need is a network storage solution, you'll never need to dig any deeper.
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